아메리칸형 증기기관차 (4-4-0) 3D 모형

끌어서 회전, 휠·두 손가락으로 확대

이 모형에 대하여

4-4-0은 앞쪽에 작은 바퀴 4개를 단 선회대차, 그 뒤에 동력을 받는 큰 동륜 4개가 있고 뒤쪽 바퀴는 없는 배열을 말한다. 선회대차가 굽고 고르지 않은 초기 미국 선로를 잘 따라가 19세기 중후반 미국 철도에서 가장 흔한 기관차가 되었고, 그래서 '아메리칸형'이라는 이름으로 불린다.

이 시기의 기관차는 장작을 연료로 썼다. 불똥이 날리지 않도록 굴뚝을 다이아몬드나 풍선 모양으로 크게 부풀렸고, 선로 위 가축이나 장애물을 밀어내는 V자 배장기(카우캐처), 밤길을 비추는 상자형 전조등, 놋쇠로 장식한 증기돔과 종, 목재 운전실이 함께 어우러져 서부 개척 시대 철도를 떠올리게 하는 모습이 되었다.

이 모델은 특정 한 대가 아니라 이 형식의 전형적인 모습을 실제 크기로 재현했다. 지름 약 1.5m 동륜 두 쌍을 연결봉으로 잇고 실린더에서 나온 주연봉이 앞 동륜을 돌리는 구조, 청회색 보일러 외판과 놋쇠 띠, 붉은 바퀴와 운전실, 장작을 실은 탄수차를 표준궤 선로 위에 올려 표현했다.

만든 방법

바퀴는 테와 플랜지 단면을 회전체(lathe)로 깎고 바큇살과 균형추를 원형 배열해 하나로 합친 뒤, 같은 메시를 링크 복제해 동륜 4개와 대차·탄수차 바퀴 12개에 공유했다. 크랭크핀 위치를 좌우 90도 위상차로 계산하고 그 좌표에서 연결봉·주연봉·크로스헤드 위치를 구해 실제로 맞물리는 배치로 놓았다. 굴뚝·돔·종은 회전체, 배장기 살과 장작더미·침목은 루프 배열이며 장작은 고정 시드 난수로 약간씩 흐트러뜨렸다. 운전실의 창과 보일러 관통부는 불리언 차집합으로 뚫었다. 밸브 기어(편심봉·링크)와 브레이크 장치, 운전실 내부 계기류는 대부분 생략하거나 단순한 덩어리로 대신했다.

build.py

이 파일 하나를 Blender 에서 실행하면 위의 모형이 만들어집니다. 513줄.

1# 아메리칸형(4-4-0) 증기기관차와 탄수차 — 19세기 미국 철도를 상징하는 나무 때는 기관차.
2# 앞쪽 4륜 선회대차 + 지름 1.52m 동륜 2쌍(바퀴 배열 4-4-0), 다이아몬드형 굴뚝, 상자형 전조등,
3# V자 배장기(카우캐처), 놋쇠 증기돔과 종, 목재 운전실, 장작을 실은 탄수차를 실제 크기(미터)로 만들었다.
4# 바퀴는 회전체(lathe)로 테·플랜지를 깎고 바큇살을 원형 배열한 뒤 같은 메시를 링크 복제해 공유한다.
5# 연결봉·주연봉은 크랭크핀 좌표에서 계산해 두 점 사이 막대로 놓았고(좌우 90도 위상차),
6# 배장기 살, 장작더미, 침목은 루프로 배열했다. 운전실 창과 보일러 관통부는 불리언으로 뚫었다.
7import random
8from atelier import *
9
10random.seed(4404)
11
12SHOT = {"azimuth": -32, "elevation": 9, "lens": 55, "light": "golden", "background": "#27303d"}
13
14# ---------------------------------------------------------------- 재질
15M_JACKET = mat('BoilerJacket_RussiaIron', '#46555f', 0.35, 0.6)
16M_BLACK = mat('Smokebox_Graphite', '#26272a', 0.55, 0.3)
17M_BRASS = mat('Brass_Polished', '#c9a04a', 0.25, 1.0)
18M_RED = mat('Vermilion_Paint', '#9c2b1f', 0.45, 0.0, coat=0.3)
19M_STEEL = mat('Rod_Steel', '#a9adb1', 0.3, 1.0)
20M_IRON = mat('Wheel_Tire_Iron', '#4a4846', 0.5, 0.8)
21M_WOOD = mat('Cab_Varnished_Wood', '#7a4524', 0.5, 0.0)
22M_CREAM = mat('Trim_Cream', '#d8c79a', 0.5, 0.0)
23M_LOG = mat('Firewood_Logs', '#6b5038', 0.85, 0.0)
24M_TIE = mat('Tie_Creosote', '#3d3128', 0.9, 0.0)
25M_BALLAST = mat('Ballast_Granite', '#73716d', 0.95, 0.0)
26M_LAMP = mat('Headlamp_Lens', '#ffd99a', 0.2, 0.0, emit='#ffcf80', emit_strength=3.0)
27
28# ---------------------------------------------------------------- 기준 치수
29Z_BAL = 0.25            # 자갈 도상 윗면
30Z_TIE = Z_BAL + 0.18    # 침목 윗면
31ZR = Z_TIE + 0.15       # 레일 윗면
32GAUGE = 1.435
33Y_WHEEL = 0.75          # 답면 중심
34W_WHEEL = 0.14
35
36R_DRV = 0.76            # 동륜 반지름 (지름 60인치)
37Z_AX = ZR + R_DRV       # 동륜 축 높이
38X_DRV = (-0.6, -2.8)    # 앞·뒤 동륜
39R_TRK = 0.42            # 대차 바퀴
40Z_TAX = ZR + R_TRK
41X_TRK = (1.55, 3.15)
42X_TND = (-7.0, -8.3, -9.6, -10.9)
43CRANK = 0.32
44
45Z_BOIL = 2.62           # 보일러 중심
46R_BOIL = 0.62
47Z_DECK = 2.18           # 러닝보드·운전실 바닥

나머지 465줄 펼치기

49
50def bar(name, p1, p2, w, h, material, up=(0, 0, 1)):
51    """두 점 p1→p2 를 잇는 각재(단면 w×h)."""
52    p1, p2 = Vector(p1), Vector(p2)
53    d = p2 - p1
54    ob = box(name, (d.length, w, h), loc=(p1 + p2) / 2, material=material)
55    q = Vector((1, 0, 0)).rotation_difference(d.normalized())
56    ob.rotation_euler = q.to_euler()
57    return ob
58
59
60def rod_y(name, p1, p2, w, h, material):
61    """XZ 평면 안에서(같은 y) 두 점을 잇는 막대. 폭 w 는 y 방향."""
62    dx, dz = p2[0] - p1[0], p2[2] - p1[2]
63    L = math.hypot(dx, dz)
64    c = ((p1[0] + p2[0]) / 2, p1[1], (p1[2] + p2[2]) / 2)
65    return box(name, (L, w, h), loc=c, rot=(0, -math.atan2(dz, dx), 0), material=material)
66
67
68def cyl_y(name, r, length, center, material, seg=24):
69    """y 축 방향 원기둥(중심 기준)."""
70    return cylinder(name, r, length, loc=center, rot=(math.pi / 2, 0, 0), material=material, seg=seg, base=False)
71
72
73def cyl_x(name, r, length, center, material, seg=32):
74    return cylinder(name, r, length, loc=center, rot=(0, math.pi / 2, 0), material=material, seg=seg, base=False)
75
76
77# ---------------------------------------------------------------- 바퀴
78def make_wheel(name, R, nspk, counterweight, pin_r=None):
79    """Z 축을 축으로 하는 바퀴(바깥면 +Z). 테+플랜지는 회전체, 살은 원형 배열."""
80    w = W_WHEEL
81    parts = []
82    tire = lathe(name + '_Tire', [
83        (R - 0.075, -w / 2), (R + 0.035, -w / 2), (R + 0.035, -w / 2 + 0.022),
84        (R, -w / 2 + 0.045), (R, w / 2), (R - 0.075, w / 2), (R - 0.075, -w / 2)],
85        material=M_IRON, seg=64)
86    parts.append(tire)
87    rim = lathe(name + '_Rim', [
88        (R - 0.13, -0.035), (R - 0.07, -0.045), (R - 0.07, 0.045), (R - 0.13, 0.035), (R - 0.13, -0.035)],
89        material=M_RED, seg=64)
90    parts.append(rim)
91    hub_r = 0.13 if R > 0.6 else 0.09
92    hub = lathe(name + '_Hub', [
93        (0, 0.09), (hub_r * 0.55, 0.09), (hub_r * 0.8, 0.07), (hub_r, 0.05), (hub_r, -0.06), (0, -0.06)],
94        material=M_RED, seg=32)
95    parts.append(hub)
96    for i in range(nspk):
97        a = 2 * math.pi * (i + 0.5) / nspk
98        r0, r1 = hub_r * 0.85, R - 0.10
99        rm = (r0 + r1) / 2
100        s = box(f'{name}_Spoke{i}', (r1 - r0, 0.045, 0.05),
101                loc=(rm * math.cos(a), rm * math.sin(a), 0), rot=(0, 0, a), material=M_RED)
102        parts.append(s)
103    if counterweight:
104        # 크랭크 반대편 초승달 균형추
105        pts = []
106        n = 14
107        span = math.radians(70)
108        for k in range(n + 1):
109            a = math.pi - span + 2 * span * k / n
110            pts.append(((R - 0.11) * math.cos(a), (R - 0.11) * math.sin(a)))
111        for k in range(n, -1, -1):
112            a = math.pi - span * 0.8 + 2 * span * 0.8 * k / n
113            pts.append(((R * 0.48) * math.cos(a), (R * 0.48) * math.sin(a)))
114        cw = prism(name + '_Counterweight', list(reversed(pts)), 0.075, loc=(0, 0, -0.035), material=M_RED)
115        parts.append(cw)
116    if pin_r:
117        boss = cylinder(name + '_CrankBoss', 0.09, 0.07, loc=(pin_r, 0, 0.0), material=M_RED, seg=20)
118        pin = cylinder(name + '_CrankPin', 0.05, 0.20, loc=(pin_r, 0, 0.05), material=M_STEEL, seg=16)
119        parts += [boss, pin]
120    ob = join(parts, name)
121    return ob
122
123
124def place_wheel(proto, name, x, side, z, angle_deg=0.0):
125    """side=+1(왼쪽, +Y) / -1(오른쪽). angle_deg: 크랭크핀의 세계 XZ 각도."""
126    rx = -math.pi / 2 if side > 0 else math.pi / 2
127    a = math.radians(angle_deg)
128    ry = -a if side > 0 else -a
129    return duplicate(proto, loc=(x, side * Y_WHEEL, z), rot=(rx, ry, 0), name=name)
130
131
132# 실제 핀 위치를 확인할 수 있도록 회전 규칙을 수치로 검산하는 대신 핀 좌표를 직접 계산한다.
133def pin_world(x, z, side, angle_deg):
134    a = math.radians(angle_deg)
135    return (x + CRANK * math.cos(a), z + CRANK * math.sin(a))
136
137
138driver = make_wheel('DriverWheel', R_DRV, 16, True, pin_r=CRANK)
139truckw = make_wheel('TruckWheel', R_TRK, 10, False)
140
141PHASE = {1: 35.0, -1: 125.0}     # 좌우 크랭크 90도 위상차
142drv_objs = []
143for side in (1, -1):
144    sname = 'L' if side > 0 else 'R'
145    for k, x in enumerate(X_DRV):
146        drv_objs.append(place_wheel(driver, f'Driver_{sname}{k + 1}', x, side, Z_AX, PHASE[side]))
147    for k, x in enumerate(X_TRK):
148        place_wheel(truckw, f'LeadTruckWheel_{sname}{k + 1}', x, side, Z_TAX)
149    for k, x in enumerate(X_TND):
150        place_wheel(truckw, f'TenderWheel_{sname}{k + 1}', x, side, Z_TAX)
151driver.hide_render = True
152driver.hide_viewport = True
153truckw.hide_render = True
154truckw.hide_viewport = True
155driver['atelier_cutter'] = True
156truckw['atelier_cutter'] = True
157
158# 축
159for k, x in enumerate(X_DRV):
160    cyl_y(f'DriverAxle{k + 1}', 0.085, 1.36, (x, 0, Z_AX), M_IRON)
161for k, x in enumerate(X_TRK + X_TND):
162    cyl_y(f'TruckAxle{k + 1}', 0.06, 1.36, (x, 0, Z_TAX), M_IRON)
163
164# ---------------------------------------------------------------- 선로
165def build_track(x0, x1):
166    pts = [(-1.8, 0), (1.8, 0), (1.5, Z_BAL), (-1.5, Z_BAL)]
167    extrude_profile('Track_Ballast', pts, x1 - x0, loc=((x0 + x1) / 2, 0, 0), material=M_BALLAST, axis='X')
168    tie = box('Track_Tie', (0.24, 2.6, 0.18), loc=(x0 + 0.3, 0, Z_BAL), material=M_TIE, base=True)
169    n = int((x1 - x0 - 0.3) / 0.58)
170    for i in range(1, n):
171        duplicate(tie, loc=(x0 + 0.3 + i * 0.58, 0, Z_BAL), name='Track_Tie')
172    prof = [(-0.065, 0), (0.065, 0), (0.065, 0.012), (0.009, 0.025), (0.009, 0.105),
173            (0.036, 0.112), (0.036, 0.15), (-0.036, 0.15), (-0.036, 0.112), (-0.009, 0.105),
174            (-0.009, 0.025), (-0.065, 0.012)]
175    yc = GAUGE / 2 + 0.036
176    for s in (1, -1):
177        r = extrude_profile('Track_Rail', prof, x1 - x0 + 0.4, loc=((x0 + x1) / 2, s * yc, Z_TIE),
178                            material=M_STEEL, axis='X')
179        r.name = 'Track_Rail_L' if s > 0 else 'Track_Rail_R'
180        # 타이 플레이트
181    plate = box('Track_TiePlate', (0.18, 0.2, 0.012), loc=(x0 + 0.3, yc, Z_TIE - 0.006), material=M_IRON)
182    for i in range(n):
183        for s in (1, -1):
184            if i == 0 and s == 1:
185                continue
186            duplicate(plate, loc=(x0 + 0.3 + i * 0.58, s * yc, Z_TIE - 0.006), name='Track_TiePlate')
187
188
189build_track(-12.6, 5.6)
190
191# ---------------------------------------------------------------- 프레임·보일러
192for s in (1, -1):
193    box(f'Frame_Bar_{"L" if s > 0 else "R"}', (9.0, 0.1, 0.32), loc=(-1.4, s * 0.52, 1.12), material=M_BLACK)
194box('Frame_RearBuffer', (0.3, 2.3, 0.36), loc=(-5.75, 0, 1.12), material=M_RED)
195box('Footplate_Rear', (2.4, 2.7, 0.08), loc=(-4.55, 0, Z_DECK - 0.04), material=M_WOOD)
196
197boiler = cyl_x('Boiler_Barrel', R_BOIL, 6.2, (-1.1, 0, Z_BOIL), M_JACKET, seg=48)
198smooth(boiler)
199# 보일러 띠(놋쇠)
200for k, x in enumerate([-3.5, -2.6, -1.95, -0.95, 0.45, 1.35, 1.95]):
201    b = cyl_x(f'Boiler_Band{k}', R_BOIL + 0.012, 0.05, (x, 0, Z_BOIL), M_BRASS, seg=48)
202    smooth(b)
203
204# 화실(운전실 아래로 내려가는 상자)
205box('Firebox', (1.3, 1.08, 1.2), loc=(-4.0, 0, 1.25), material=M_BLACK, base=True)
206# 연실(smokebox)
207sbx = cyl_x('Smokebox', 0.69, 1.15, (2.575, 0, Z_BOIL), M_BLACK, seg=48)
208smooth(sbx)
209door = lathe('Smokebox_Door', [(0.0, 0.07), (0.3, 0.06), (0.55, 0.03), (0.63, 0.0)], material=M_BLACK, seg=48)
210door.location = (3.15, 0, Z_BOIL)
211door.rotation_euler = (0, math.pi / 2, 0)
212cyl_x('Smokebox_DoorHandle', 0.05, 0.2, (3.25, 0, Z_BOIL), M_BRASS, seg=16)
213# 번호판(원형 놋쇠)
214nb = cyl_x('Smokebox_NumberPlate', 0.16, 0.03, (3.22, 0, Z_BOIL + 0.32), M_BRASS, seg=32)
215
216# 실린더 받침(새들)
217box('Cylinder_Saddle', (0.75, 1.4, 1.0), loc=(2.33, 0, Z_AX - 0.05), material=M_BLACK, base=True)
218
219# ---------------------------------------------------------------- 실린더·연결봉
220Y_CYL = 1.0
221for s in (1, -1):
222    sn = 'L' if s > 0 else 'R'
223    c = cyl_x(f'Cylinder_{sn}', 0.28, 0.78, (2.33, s * Y_CYL, Z_AX + 0.04), M_JACKET, seg=32)
224    smooth(c)
225    for xx in (1.94, 2.72):
226        cyl_x(f'Cylinder_Head_{sn}', 0.3, 0.05, (xx, s * Y_CYL, Z_AX + 0.04), M_BRASS, seg=32)
227    # 증기실(밸브 박스)
228    box(f'SteamChest_{sn}', (0.7, 0.36, 0.3), loc=(2.33, s * (Y_CYL - 0.02), Z_AX + 0.32), material=M_JACKET, base=True)
229    box(f'SteamChest_Cover_{sn}', (0.74, 0.4, 0.04), loc=(2.33, s * (Y_CYL - 0.02), Z_AX + 0.62), material=M_BRASS, base=True)
230
231    # 크랭크핀 좌표
232    pins = [pin_world(x, Z_AX, s, PHASE[s]) for x in X_DRV]
233    y_side = s * 0.89
234    y_main = s * 0.99
235    # 연결봉(앞뒤 동륜)
236    rod_y(f'SideRod_{sn}', (pins[1][0], y_side, pins[1][1]), (pins[0][0], y_side, pins[0][1]), 0.05, 0.11, M_STEEL)
237    for p in pins:
238        cyl_y(f'SideRod_Boss_{sn}', 0.08, 0.06, (p[0], y_side, p[1]), M_STEEL, seg=16)
239    # 주연봉: 크로스헤드는 실린더 축 높이에서 미끄러진다
240    L = 2.1
241    zc = Z_AX + 0.04
242    pf = pins[0]
243    xc = pf[0] + math.sqrt(L * L - (zc - pf[1]) ** 2)
244    rod_y(f'MainRod_{sn}', (pf[0], y_main, pf[1]), (xc, y_main, zc), 0.05, 0.13, M_STEEL)
245    cyl_y(f'MainRod_BigEnd_{sn}', 0.09, 0.07, (pf[0], y_main, pf[1]), M_STEEL, seg=16)
246    box(f'Crosshead_{sn}', (0.22, 0.12, 0.26), loc=(xc, s * Y_CYL, zc), material=M_STEEL)
247    # 피스톤봉·가이드
248    cyl_x(f'PistonRod_{sn}', 0.035, 1.94 - xc, ((1.94 + xc) / 2, s * Y_CYL, zc), M_STEEL, seg=12)
249    for dz in (0.16, -0.16):
250        box(f'GuideBar_{sn}', (0.95, 0.05, 0.05), loc=(1.45, s * Y_CYL, zc + dz), material=M_STEEL)
251    box(f'GuideYoke_{sn}', (0.08, 0.5, 0.45), loc=(0.94, s * 0.78, zc), material=M_BLACK)
252
253# ---------------------------------------------------------------- 러닝보드·난간
254for s in (1, -1):
255    sn = 'L' if s > 0 else 'R'
256    box(f'RunningBoard_{sn}', (5.7, 0.62, 0.05), loc=(-0.75, s * 0.96, Z_DECK - 0.025), material=M_WOOD)
257    box(f'RunningBoard_Edge_{sn}', (5.7, 0.04, 0.12), loc=(-0.75, s * 1.29, Z_DECK - 0.06), material=M_BRASS)
258    # 받침 브래킷
259    for x in (-1.7, 0.6, 1.6):
260        box(f'RunningBoard_Bracket_{sn}', (0.06, 0.66, 0.06), loc=(x, s * 0.88, Z_DECK - 0.08), material=M_BLACK)
261    # 동륜 덮개(스플래셔)
262    for k, x in enumerate(X_DRV):
263        pts = []
264        for i in range(17):
265            a = math.radians(30 + 120 * i / 16)
266            pts.append((x + (R_DRV + 0.06) * math.cos(a), Z_AX + (R_DRV + 0.06) * math.sin(a)))
267        for i in range(16, -1, -1):
268            a = math.radians(30 + 120 * i / 16)
269            pts.append((x + (R_DRV + 0.1) * math.cos(a), Z_AX + (R_DRV + 0.1) * math.sin(a)))
270        pts = [p for p in pts]
271        sp = extrude_profile(f'Splasher_{sn}{k + 1}', pts, 0.2, loc=(0, s * 0.75, 0), material=M_BRASS)
272    # 보일러 손잡이 난간
273    hr = [(-3.4, s * 0.74, Z_BOIL + 0.3), (2.0, s * 0.74, Z_BOIL + 0.3)]
274    curve_tube(f'Handrail_{sn}', hr, radius=0.016, material=M_BRASS)
275    for x in (-3.0, -1.6, -0.2, 1.2):
276        bar(f'Handrail_Stanchion_{sn}', (x, s * 0.58, Z_BOIL + 0.24), (x, s * 0.75, Z_BOIL + 0.3), 0.025, 0.025, M_BRASS)
277
278# ---------------------------------------------------------------- 돔·종·굴뚝·전조등
279Z_TOP = Z_BOIL + R_BOIL
280lathe('Dome_Steam', [(0.42, -0.12), (0.43, 0.02), (0.38, 0.06), (0.36, 0.45), (0.38, 0.5),
281                     (0.37, 0.56), (0.30, 0.66), (0.18, 0.72), (0.0, 0.74)],
282      loc=(-1.45, 0, Z_TOP), material=M_BRASS, seg=48)
283lathe('Dome_Sand', [(0.32, -0.1), (0.33, 0.02), (0.28, 0.05), (0.27, 0.3), (0.29, 0.34),
284                    (0.22, 0.44), (0.12, 0.49), (0.0, 0.5)],
285      loc=(0.95, 0, Z_TOP), material=M_BRASS, seg=40)
286# 기적(whistle)
287cylinder('Whistle_Pipe', 0.03, 0.18, loc=(-1.45, 0, Z_TOP + 0.73), material=M_BRASS, seg=12)
288lathe('Whistle_Bell', [(0.0, 0.0), (0.06, 0.0), (0.06, 0.22), (0.04, 0.25), (0.0, 0.26)],
289      loc=(-1.45, 0, Z_TOP + 0.9), material=M_BRASS, seg=20)
290# 종과 요크
291lathe('Bell', [(0.0, 0.34), (0.06, 0.34), (0.1, 0.31), (0.12, 0.2), (0.16, 0.08), (0.21, 0.0),
292               (0.19, -0.01), (0.0, -0.01)],
293      loc=(-0.25, 0, Z_TOP + 0.3), material=M_BRASS, seg=40)
294for s in (1, -1):
295    box('Bell_Yoke', (0.06, 0.04, 0.55), loc=(-0.25, s * 0.25, Z_TOP - 0.05), material=M_BLACK, base=True)
296box('Bell_Yoke_Top', (0.06, 0.54, 0.05), loc=(-0.25, 0, Z_TOP + 0.5), material=M_BLACK, base=True)
297cyl_y('Bell_Axle', 0.025, 0.5, (-0.25, 0, Z_TOP + 0.47), M_BLACK, seg=12)
298
299# 다이아몬드 굴뚝(불똥 막이)
300X_STK = 2.55
301Z_SBT = Z_BOIL + 0.69
302lathe('Smokestack', [
303    (0.30, -0.12), (0.30, 0.0), (0.22, 0.1), (0.21, 0.55), (0.26, 0.62),
304    (0.62, 1.12), (0.66, 1.18), (0.66, 1.24), (0.6, 1.26), (0.42, 1.4),
305    (0.40, 1.46), (0.43, 1.5), (0.40, 1.53), (0.0, 1.53)],
306    loc=(X_STK, 0, Z_SBT), material=M_BLACK, seg=48)
307torus('Smokestack_BrassRing', R=0.215, r=0.025, loc=(X_STK, 0, Z_SBT + 0.4), material=M_BRASS, seg=40, rseg=8)
308torus('Smokestack_TopRing', R=0.66, r=0.025, loc=(X_STK, 0, Z_SBT + 1.21), material=M_BRASS, seg=48, rseg=8)
309
310# 전조등
311X_LMP = 3.25
312Z_LMP = Z_SBT - 0.02
313box('Headlamp_Bracket', (0.5, 0.5, 0.12), loc=(X_LMP - 0.05, 0, Z_LMP - 0.04), material=M_BLACK, base=True)
314box('Headlamp_Case', (0.62, 0.62, 0.62), loc=(X_LMP, 0, Z_LMP + 0.08), material=M_RED, base=True)
315box('Headlamp_Trim', (0.66, 0.66, 0.05), loc=(X_LMP, 0, Z_LMP + 0.08), material=M_BRASS, base=True)
316box('Headlamp_TrimTop', (0.66, 0.66, 0.05), loc=(X_LMP, 0, Z_LMP + 0.68), material=M_BRASS, base=True)
317wedge_pts = [(-0.36, 0.0), (0.36, 0.0), (0.0, 0.22)]
318rf = extrude_profile('Headlamp_Roof', [(-0.36, 0), (0.36, 0), (0.0, 0.2)], 0.7,
319                     loc=(X_LMP, 0, Z_LMP + 0.73), material=M_RED, axis='X')
320cylinder('Headlamp_Chimney', 0.06, 0.18, loc=(X_LMP - 0.05, 0, Z_LMP + 0.85), material=M_BLACK, seg=16)
321cone('Headlamp_ChimneyCap', 0.1, 0.08, loc=(X_LMP - 0.05, 0, Z_LMP + 1.03), material=M_BLACK, seg=16)
322cyl_x('Headlamp_Bezel', 0.24, 0.05, (X_LMP + 0.33, 0, Z_LMP + 0.39), M_BRASS, seg=32)
323cyl_x('Headlamp_Lens', 0.2, 0.03, (X_LMP + 0.35, 0, Z_LMP + 0.39), M_LAMP, seg=32)
324for s in (1, -1):
325    box('Headlamp_SidePanel', (0.4, 0.02, 0.36), loc=(X_LMP, s * 0.315, Z_LMP + 0.22), material=M_CREAM, base=True)
326
327# ---------------------------------------------------------------- 배장기(카우캐처)·완충보
328X_BEAM = 3.45
329box('Pilot_Beam', (0.22, 2.7, 0.36), loc=(X_BEAM, 0, 1.0), material=M_RED, base=True)
330box('Pilot_Beam_Plate', (0.03, 2.5, 0.08), loc=(X_BEAM + 0.12, 0, 1.14), material=M_BRASS, base=True)
331# 프레임과 완충보 연결
332X_APEX = 4.75
333Z_PTOP = 1.02
334Z_PBOT = ZR + 0.08
335HALF = 1.25
336
337
338def v_edge(y):
339    return X_APEX - (abs(y) / HALF) * (X_APEX - X_BEAM - 0.12)
340
341
342for i in range(15):
343    y = -HALF + 2 * HALF * i / 14
344    if abs(y) < 1e-6:
345        continue
346    top = (X_BEAM + 0.1, y, Z_PTOP)
347    bot = (v_edge(y) - 0.03, y, Z_PBOT + 0.03)
348    bar(f'Pilot_Slat{i:02d}', top, bot, 0.05, 0.05, M_RED)
349for s in (1, -1):
350    bar('Pilot_BottomRail', (X_APEX + 0.03, 0, Z_PBOT), (X_BEAM + 0.1, s * (HALF + 0.03), Z_PBOT), 0.08, 0.06, M_RED)
351    bar('Pilot_CornerPost', (X_BEAM + 0.1, s * HALF, Z_PTOP), (X_BEAM + 0.1, s * HALF, Z_PBOT), 0.07, 0.07, M_RED)
352bar('Pilot_Spine', (X_BEAM + 0.1, 0, Z_PTOP), (X_APEX, 0, Z_PBOT), 0.08, 0.08, M_RED)
353# 연결기(링크 앤 핀)
354cyl_x('Coupler_Front', 0.07, 0.4, (X_BEAM + 0.3, 0, 1.18), M_IRON, seg=16)
355
356# ---------------------------------------------------------------- 선회대차
357for s in (1, -1):
358    box('LeadTruck_Frame', (2.3, 0.08, 0.26), loc=(2.35, s * 0.6, Z_TAX - 0.1), material=M_BLACK)
359    for x in X_TRK:
360        box('LeadTruck_Journal', (0.2, 0.08, 0.2), loc=(x, s * 0.6, Z_TAX), material=M_BLACK)
361box('LeadTruck_Bolster', (0.4, 1.3, 0.25), loc=(2.35, 0, Z_TAX + 0.03), material=M_BLACK)
362box('LeadTruck_Pivot', (0.25, 0.25, 0.4), loc=(2.35, 0, Z_TAX + 0.15), material=M_BLACK)
363
364# ---------------------------------------------------------------- 운전실
365X_CF, X_CB = -3.55, -5.6        # 앞벽, 뒷벽
366Y_CW = 1.32
367Z_EAVE = 3.95
368cab_parts = []
369front = box('Cab_FrontWall', (0.07, 2 * Y_CW, Z_EAVE - Z_DECK), loc=(X_CF, 0, Z_DECK), material=M_WOOD, base=True)
370cutter = cyl_x('Cab_Cutter_Boiler', R_BOIL + 0.01, 0.4, (X_CF, 0, Z_BOIL), None)
371boolean(front, cutter)
372for s in (1, -1):
373    wc = box('Cab_Cutter_FrontWin', (0.4, 0.5, 0.55), loc=(X_CF, s * 0.92, 3.18), base=True)
374    boolean(front, wc)
375for s in (1, -1):
376    sn = 'L' if s > 0 else 'R'
377    side = box(f'Cab_SideWall_{sn}', (X_CF - X_CB, 0.07, Z_EAVE - Z_DECK), loc=((X_CF + X_CB) / 2, s * Y_CW, Z_DECK),
378               material=M_WOOD, base=True)
379    for k, xc in enumerate((-4.08, -4.95)):
380        wc = box(f'Cab_Cutter_SideWin', (0.66, 0.4, 0.62), loc=(xc, s * Y_CW, 3.1), base=True)
381        boolean(side, wc)
382    # 창틀·몰딩(크림)
383    box(f'Cab_BeltRail_{sn}', (X_CF - X_CB + 0.06, 0.03, 0.06), loc=((X_CF + X_CB) / 2, s * (Y_CW + 0.045), 3.02),
384        material=M_CREAM, base=True)
385    box(f'Cab_SillRail_{sn}', (X_CF - X_CB + 0.06, 0.03, 0.06), loc=((X_CF + X_CB) / 2, s * (Y_CW + 0.045), Z_DECK),
386        material=M_CREAM, base=True)
387    for xp in (X_CF, -4.515, X_CB):
388        box(f'Cab_Post_{sn}', (0.08, 0.03, Z_EAVE - Z_DECK), loc=(xp, s * (Y_CW + 0.045), Z_DECK), material=M_CREAM, base=True)
389    # 판벽 세로 줄눈
390    for i in range(1, 10):
391        x = X_CB + (X_CF - X_CB) * i / 10
392        box(f'Cab_Panel_{sn}', (0.02, 0.012, 0.8), loc=(x, s * (Y_CW + 0.04), 2.22), material=M_RED, base=True)
393    # 손잡이 봉
394    curve_tube(f'Cab_Grab_{sn}', [(X_CB - 0.06, s * (Y_CW - 0.15), 2.3), (X_CB - 0.06, s * (Y_CW - 0.15), 3.6)],
395               radius=0.018, material=M_BRASS)
396# 지붕(아치형, 처마 돌출)
397roof_pts = []
398for i in range(17):
399    t = -1 + 2 * i / 16
400    roof_pts.append((t * 1.55, Z_EAVE + 0.28 * (1 - t * t)))
401for i in range(16, -1, -1):
402    t = -1 + 2 * i / 16
403    roof_pts.append((t * 1.55, Z_EAVE + 0.07 + 0.28 * (1 - t * t)))
404roof = extrude_profile('Cab_Roof', roof_pts, X_CF - X_CB + 0.5, loc=((X_CF + X_CB) / 2 - 0.05, 0, -0.05),
405                       material=M_RED, axis='X')
406box('Cab_Roof_Vent', (0.9, 0.5, 0.12), loc=((X_CF + X_CB) / 2, 0, Z_EAVE + 0.27), material=M_RED, base=True)
407# 운전실 안쪽: 보일러 뒷판, 화구문
408cyl_x('Cab_Backhead', R_BOIL, 0.05, (-4.15, 0, Z_BOIL), M_BLACK, seg=48)
409box('Cab_FireDoor', (0.06, 0.4, 0.3), loc=(-4.2, 0, Z_DECK + 0.25), material=M_BLACK, base=True)
410for k, (yy, zz) in enumerate([(-0.3, 3.0), (0.3, 3.0), (0.0, 3.2)]):
411    cyl_x(f'Cab_Gauge{k}', 0.07, 0.04, (-4.2, yy, zz), M_BRASS, seg=16)
412# 바닥 아래 계단
413for s in (1, -1):
414    box('Cab_Step', (0.4, 0.3, 0.04), loc=(-5.2, s * 1.2, 1.5), material=M_BLACK, base=True)
415    box('Cab_StepHanger', (0.04, 0.04, 0.68), loc=(-5.2, s * 1.2, 1.5), material=M_BLACK, base=True)
416
417# ---------------------------------------------------------------- 탄수차
418XT0, XT1 = -6.15, -11.55
419Z_TD = 1.62
420LEN_T = XT0 - XT1
421box('Drawbar', (0.65, 0.14, 0.1), loc=(-5.95, 0, 1.3), material=M_IRON)
422for s in (1, -1):
423    box('Tender_SideSill', (LEN_T, 0.2, 0.25), loc=((XT0 + XT1) / 2, s * 1.15, Z_TD - 0.25), material=M_BLACK, base=True)
424box('Tender_CenterSill', (LEN_T, 0.4, 0.25), loc=((XT0 + XT1) / 2, 0, Z_TD - 0.25), material=M_BLACK, base=True)
425box('Tender_FrontSill', (0.12, 2.55, 0.35), loc=(XT0 - 0.06, 0, Z_TD - 0.35), material=M_RED, base=True)
426box('Tender_RearSill', (0.12, 2.55, 0.35), loc=(XT1 + 0.06, 0, Z_TD - 0.35), material=M_RED, base=True)
427Z_TANK = 2.75
428box('Tender_Tank', (LEN_T - 0.3, 2.6, Z_TANK - Z_TD), loc=((XT0 + XT1) / 2 - 0.15, 0, Z_TD), material=M_RED, base=True)
429# 크림색 테두리 패널
430for s in (1, -1):
431    box('Tender_Panel', (LEN_T - 0.7, 0.012, Z_TANK - Z_TD - 0.3),
432        loc=((XT0 + XT1) / 2 - 0.15, s * 1.306, Z_TD + 0.15), material=M_CREAM, base=True)
433    box('Tender_PanelInner', (LEN_T - 0.8, 0.012, Z_TANK - Z_TD - 0.4),
434        loc=((XT0 + XT1) / 2 - 0.15, s * 1.312, Z_TD + 0.2), material=M_RED, base=True)
435box('Tender_RearPanel', (0.012, 2.2, 0.8), loc=(XT1 - 0.006, 0, Z_TD + 0.15), material=M_CREAM, base=True)
436box('Tender_RearPanelInner', (0.012, 2.08, 0.68), loc=(XT1 - 0.012, 0, Z_TD + 0.21), material=M_RED, base=True)
437cyl_x('Coupler_Rear', 0.07, 0.4, (XT1 - 0.1, 0, 1.42), M_IRON, seg=16)
438for s in (1, -1):
439    box('Tender_RearStep', (0.3, 0.35, 0.04), loc=(XT1 + 0.1, s * 1.1, 0.95), material=M_BLACK, base=True)
440    box('Tender_RearStepHanger', (0.04, 0.04, 0.26), loc=(XT1 + 0.1, s * 1.1, 0.99), material=M_BLACK, base=True)
441    box('Tender_FrontStep', (0.3, 0.35, 0.04), loc=(XT0 - 0.25, s * 1.1, 0.95), material=M_BLACK, base=True)
442    box('Tender_FrontStepHanger', (0.04, 0.04, 0.26), loc=(XT0 - 0.25, s * 1.1, 0.99), material=M_BLACK, base=True)
443# 장작칸 측벽(플레어)
444for s in (1, -1):
445    extrude_profile('Tender_Flare', [(0.0, 0.0), (s * 0.06, 0.0), (s * 0.16, 0.42), (s * 0.1, 0.42)],
446                    LEN_T - 0.3, loc=((XT0 + XT1) / 2 - 0.15, s * 1.24, Z_TANK), material=M_RED, axis='X')
447    box('Tender_FlareCap', (LEN_T - 0.3, 0.12, 0.05), loc=((XT0 + XT1) / 2 - 0.15, s * 1.39, Z_TANK + 0.42),
448        material=M_BRASS, base=True)
449box('Tender_FlareBack', (0.08, 2.6, 0.42), loc=(XT1 + 0.04, 0, Z_TANK), material=M_RED, base=True)
450# 물 주입구
451cylinder('Tender_WaterHatch', 0.25, 0.18, loc=(-10.8, 0, Z_TANK), material=M_BLACK, seg=24)
452cylinder('Tender_WaterHatchLid', 0.29, 0.04, loc=(-10.8, 0, Z_TANK + 0.18), material=M_BRASS, seg=24)
453
454# 장작더미
455log = cylinder('Firewood_Log', 0.075, 1.12, rot=(math.pi / 2, 0, 0), material=M_LOG, seg=8, base=False)
456nlog = 0
457x_lo, x_hi = -6.45, -10.35
458for layer in range(5):
459    z = Z_TANK + 0.08 + layer * 0.135
460    shrink = 0.18 * layer
461    xa, xb = x_lo - shrink, x_hi + shrink
462    n = int((xa - xb) / 0.16)
463    for i in range(n):
464        x = xa - 0.08 - i * 0.16 - (0.08 if layer % 2 else 0)
465        if x < xb:
466            continue
467        for yc in (-0.6, 0.6):
468            if layer >= 3 and random.random() < 0.25:
469                continue
470            ob = log if nlog == 0 else duplicate(log, name='Firewood_Log')
471            ob.location = (x + random.uniform(-0.02, 0.02), yc + random.uniform(-0.06, 0.06), z)
472            ob.rotation_euler = (math.pi / 2 + random.uniform(-0.05, 0.05), 0, random.uniform(-0.08, 0.08))
473            nlog += 1
474
475# 탄수차 대차(아치바형)
476for xc in ((X_TND[0] + X_TND[1]) / 2, (X_TND[2] + X_TND[3]) / 2):
477    for s in (1, -1):
478        bar('TenderTruck_ArchBar', (xc - 0.85, s * 0.9, Z_TAX), (xc + 0.85, s * 0.9, Z_TAX), 0.06, 0.07, M_BLACK)
479        bar('TenderTruck_ArchTop', (xc - 0.85, s * 0.9, Z_TAX + 0.08), (xc - 0.3, s * 0.9, Z_TAX + 0.32), 0.06, 0.06, M_BLACK)
480        bar('TenderTruck_ArchTop', (xc + 0.85, s * 0.9, Z_TAX + 0.08), (xc + 0.3, s * 0.9, Z_TAX + 0.32), 0.06, 0.06, M_BLACK)
481        bar('TenderTruck_ArchTop', (xc - 0.3, s * 0.9, Z_TAX + 0.32), (xc + 0.3, s * 0.9, Z_TAX + 0.32), 0.06, 0.06, M_BLACK)
482        for dx in (-0.65, 0.65):
483            box('TenderTruck_Journal', (0.24, 0.16, 0.2), loc=(xc + dx, s * 0.88, Z_TAX), material=M_BLACK)
484        box('TenderTruck_Spring', (0.24, 0.12, 0.26), loc=(xc, s * 0.9, Z_TAX - 0.02), material=M_IRON, base=True)
485    box('TenderTruck_Bolster', (0.3, 1.9, 0.2), loc=(xc, 0, Z_TAX + 0.2), material=M_BLACK, base=True)
486    box('TenderTruck_CenterPlate', (0.5, 0.5, Z_TD - 0.25 - Z_TAX - 0.4), loc=(xc, 0, Z_TAX + 0.4),
487        material=M_BLACK, base=True)
488
489# ---------------------------------------------------------------- 배관·잔부품
490for s in (1, -1):
491    sn = 'L' if s > 0 else 'R'
492    # 모래관: 모래돔에서 동륜 앞으로
493    curve_tube(f'SandPipe_{sn}', [(0.95, s * 0.2, Z_TOP + 0.12), (0.95, s * 0.5, Z_BOIL + 0.42),
494                                  (0.95, s * 0.66, Z_BOIL + 0.05), (0.95, s * 0.66, Z_DECK - 0.1),
495                                  (0.3, s * 0.74, Z_AX - 0.2)],
496               radius=0.022, material=M_BRASS)
497    # 급수관(인젝터): 운전실 앞에서 보일러 앞쪽 체크밸브까지
498    curve_tube(f'FeedPipe_{sn}', [(-3.55, s * 0.6, Z_DECK + 0.08), (-1.0, s * 0.6, Z_DECK + 0.08),
499                                  (0.5, s * 0.58, Z_BOIL - 0.25), (1.4, s * 0.53, Z_BOIL - 0.32)],
500               radius=0.03, material=M_BRASS)
501    cylinder(f'CheckValve_{sn}', 0.06, 0.14, loc=(1.42, s * 0.56, Z_BOIL - 0.36), material=M_BRASS, seg=16)
502    # 역전기 연결봉(운전실 → 가이드 요크)
503    bar(f'ReachRod_{sn}', (-3.6, s * 1.08, Z_DECK - 0.15), (0.9, s * 1.08, Z_AX + 0.38), 0.035, 0.05, M_STEEL)
504    # 증기관(연실 → 증기실)
505    curve_tube(f'SteamPipe_{sn}', [(2.33, s * 0.55, Z_BOIL - 0.3), (2.33, s * 0.82, Z_BOIL - 0.62),
506                                   (2.33, s * 0.95, Z_AX + 0.62)], radius=0.07, material=M_BLACK)
507# 연실 앞 테두리
508torus('Smokebox_FrontRing', R=0.66, r=0.03, loc=(3.15, 0, Z_BOIL), rot=(0, math.pi / 2, 0), material=M_BRASS, seg=48, rseg=8)
509# 탄수차 핸드브레이크
510cylinder('Tender_BrakeStaff', 0.025, 1.2, loc=(-11.3, 0.95, Z_TANK - 0.2), material=M_IRON, seg=10)
511torus('Tender_BrakeWheel', R=0.2, r=0.02, loc=(-11.3, 0.95, Z_TANK + 1.0), material=M_IRON, seg=24, rseg=6)
512# 운전실 뒤 처마 아래 등

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build.py

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